Zebra: The Striped Beauty of the Savanna
Scientific name: Equus quagga
Malay name: Kuda belang
The zebra is a member of the horse family (Equidae) and is known for its striking black-and-white stripes, which make it one of the most recognizable animals on Earth. Native to Africa, zebras are social animals that live in herds and are well adapted to life in the savanna and grasslands.
Appearance
- Zebras are famous for their unique black-and-white stripes, which are like fingerprints—no two zebras have the same pattern.
- They have a sturdy build, with strong legs and hooves designed for speed and endurance. They can grow to about 4 to 5 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh between 770 to 990 pounds (350 to 450 kg).
- Their mane is short and upright, and they have a tufted tail that helps swat away insects.
Stripes and Their Purpose
- The exact reason for zebras’ stripes has been the subject of much scientific debate. Theories include:
- Camouflage: Stripes may help zebras blend into the environment by disrupting their outline, making it harder for predators to single out an individual in a group.
- Thermoregulation: Some studies suggest that the stripes help regulate body temperature by creating airflows that cool the zebra’s body.
- Insect Repellent: The stripes may deter biting flies like tsetse flies and horseflies, which are less attracted to striped surfaces.
Habitat
- Zebras are native to sub-Saharan Africa and live in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, savannas, and woodlands.
- They are well adapted to hot, arid environments, though they rely on access to water and are often found near rivers or watering holes.
Diet
- Zebras are herbivores, primarily grazing on grasses. They also eat leaves, bark, and shrubs when grass is scarce.
- Unlike some other grazing animals, zebras have a digestive system that allows them to process tough vegetation, which helps them survive in areas where grass may be sparse or of low quality.
Social Structure
- Zebras are highly social animals and live in groups called herds or harems. A typical harem consists of one stallion (male), several mares (females), and their foals (young).
- Some species also form large migratory herds, especially during the dry season, when they travel vast distances to find food and water.
- Zebras communicate with a variety of vocalizations, including barks, brays, and snorts, as well as through body language like ear positioning and tail movement.
Species
There are three main species of zebra:
- Plains Zebra (Equus quagga): The most common and widespread species, found across eastern and southern Africa. This species has more broad, horizontal stripes.
- Grevy’s Zebra (Equus grevyi): The largest species, with narrower stripes and found primarily in Kenya and Ethiopia. It is endangered due to habitat loss and hunting.
- Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra): Found in southern Africa, this species has vertical stripes on the body and horizontal stripes on the haunches.
Speed and Agility
- Zebras are fast runners and can reach speeds of up to 65 km/h (40 mph) when fleeing from predators. Their strong, muscular legs and excellent stamina help them escape predators like lions and hyenas.
- Their ability to make quick zigzag movements while running makes it harder for predators to catch them.
Predators
- Zebras have many natural predators, including lions, leopards, cheetahs, and hyenas. When threatened, zebras will either flee or kick with powerful hind legs to defend themselves.
- Living in herds provides protection, as many eyes and ears help detect danger, and zebras will often band together to defend against predators.
Reproduction and Lifespan
- Female zebras, called mares, usually give birth to one foal after a gestation period of 12 to 13 months.
- Foals are born with brown and white stripes and can stand and run within hours of birth.
- Zebras typically live for around 20 to 25 years in the wild, though they can live longer in captivity.
Conservation Status
- While plains zebras are relatively common, both Grevy’s zebras and mountain zebras are considered vulnerable or endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and competition with livestock for resources.
Interesting Facts
- Zebras are closely related to horses and donkeys, and while they can interbreed with these species, the resulting offspring (such as a zorse) are sterile.
- During migrations, zebras often travel with other herbivores, such as wildebeests, in large numbers for protection and mutual benefit.
The zebra is not only a striking symbol of the African wilderness but also a vital part of its ecosystem. Their unique stripes, strong social bonds, and ability to thrive in tough environments make them truly fascinating animals.